Orange Telecom: a Case Analysis

Orange Telecom: A Case Analysis ORGA 433 – 460 Orange Telecom is a tremendous example of successful organizational understanding of change in a fast-paced and growing market. Utilizing the environment around them, Orange has grown into a worldwide triumph in the Telecom industry. By committing to a progressive strategy, Orange has demonstrated their ability to change and evolve to not only suit their immediate environment, but to also actively envision the future path of the industry, and capitalize on prospective trends around the world.Question 1: Using the internet and other sources, as well as the information give in the case study, summarize the elements in Orange’s temporal and external environments in terms of the influence it had on the opportunity for this new brand to succeed, 1994-2006. Orange was launched in the UK in 1994 as an answer to the growing trend towards mobile telecommunications. From the very beginning, Orange utilized a strategy of pioneering ma ny of the services to its customers that would later become the norm, industry-wide.At it’s launch, Orange was the first to offer standard customer service features such as caller id. Orange was the first company to offer aesthetically appealing masts shaped like trees which helped in customer relations. In 1999 Orange launched a branch in Switzerland which would be the first of many excursions into foreign markets. In 2000 Orange was able to use superior technology to offer Europe its first wireless video phone. These are just a few example of Orange’s strategy of providing customers with the latest in innovation.They launched at a time when Telecom services focused more on turnover than customer service. Orange decided to go in a completely unique direction by focusing primarily on customer concerns and service, being among the first to offer their customers numerous different option in every category such as prepaying phones through ATMs. In the UK, in 2003 Orange c hanged the way the mobile market operated, turning all of its 2,000 UK retail salespeople into ‘phone trainers’ and introducing them into its high street stores.It also launched the new Orange Film Funding Board adverts that took the international cinema industry by storm. The success of Orange is also strongly attributed to its ability to capitalize on external environmental trends. Being a company steeped in English and French heritage, Orange has been able to utilize a multicultural approach to business and provide nations with both French and British histories. This has opened the door for Orange to cross the language barriers that often bring to a halt the growth of many organizations.Orange has also been able to sense the common curiosity mankind has towards the future and has therefore began marketing itself, not as a company that simply provides a service, but also a company that provides answers to the future through innovation. Further, the Orange brand has be come so widely recognized in the UK and nations around the world that the company’s symbol has become synonomus with youth, innovation, and of course mobile phone service. They have strongly marketed this brand to the youth with the knowledge that brand recognition has become more important than ever in an industry with so many customer options.Finally, Orange has had a finger on the pulse of, not only technology and innovation, but of the field of study of technology. Since 2000 there has been a huge growth in the communications field of education, and Orange has capitalized on this by keeping steady observation of rising stars in the field of Mobile Telecom. Orange has utilized its temporal and external environment to become a successful telecom company. By keeping up with trends, and pioneering so many practices that have become common-place, Orange has now become an industry leader in being able to recognize environmental trends and provide answers for the future.Question 2: What type of change do you think Orange was pursuing? In terms of the concepts and ideas put forward, particularly in Chapter 2, justify your views. As an organization in an already fairly established industry Orange was attempting a transformational type of change, also developmental change seemed to be something that was pivotal in the enterprise of this organization. Since the time of its official launch in 1994, to present day, Orange has been avid in establishing itself as a more wider social ntity rather than a specifically narrowly viewed service provider in an industry with a lot of alternatives. This very separation has been the catalyst of the transformational change that took place in the telecommunication industry with the launching of Orange. This change could be also more specifically described as discontinuous change due to the fact that Orange initially originated from a parent company that was government owned. Furthermore, the strategy pivotal to Orange’ s success has been significantly divergent from previously established strategies.Discontinuous change is defined by Grundy as â€Å"change which is marked by rapid shifts in strategy, structure or culture, or in all three† (Senior & Fleming, p. 46). The type of change that was pursued by Orange is developmental change. The parent company responsible for the establishment of Orange was France Telecom, which at one time was the monopolistic organization providing postal and telephone services in France. This fact is indicative of an executive team that was very experienced in traditional telecommunications establishments and industry nuances.However, rather than simply carry over that deeply rooted experience in a fashion of an identical duplicate, the executives of the newly formed Orange took a developmental approach and built upon well established concepts in order to achieve new heights in this competitive industry. By building new concepts and ideas unto a solid foundatio n of industry experience the Orange company was able to outdistance its competition fairly quickly and become an industry giant in a relatively short time-span.If one examines the wide history behind the formation of Orange, this type of change is clearly evident and is transformational in its implications. From the very onset the organization aggressively pursued a marketing campaign that separated them from being viewed as simply another service provider or manufacturer, or a symbiosis of both. The company steadily became an abstract social entity that related to customers on a deeper level then a simple service provider and therefore revolutionized the way it connected with its client base.In the industry plagued by deprived customer service Orange established itself as a beacon of exceptional customer service has been increasing its customer participation in leaps and bounds, which in turn made it the global entity it is today. Question 3: How far do you think the changes made h ave been appropriate to the environments in which Orange was operating? The changes that Orange has made are very appropriate for the environment (market) in which they operate. First, the most basic change they have made is distinguishing themselves as a provider of customer service, not as manufacturer and provider as a particular product.This avoided labelling as just another network provider, and definitely differentiated their firm from the other carriers in the markets where they operate. They operate on a looking forward basis, looking to increase the possibility of communication concentrating on the service and relationship with customers not just the individual transactions. Another change that was made was to have a name that couldn’t be cut out at a mobile services provider; unlike Rogers Wireless, T-Mobile.. etc the changes they made to the way they are branded themselves effectively.They chose a name that was abstract and unrelated to the telephone industry which was unconventional in that it showed a divergence from industry standards which has paid off for them. An abstract name that is not consciously tied to only one part of a person’s life gives the feeling of an all-encompassing service or entity in that person’s mind. This is appropriate given that Orange is aiming to enrich the customer’s life via their communication possibilities in an industry that is mainly transaction based and not geared towards customer service.Customer service changes they made were significant, being the first to provide â€Å"billing by the second† definitely would have put them in a category of their own at a time when other companies where billing by the minute. This change is consistent with their vision of embodying the future rather than just selling cell phones and products. Overall Orange has had great success by making changes to the way mobile telecommunication companies do business and are seen by consumers.Their brandi ng before and after their launch has reflected this as well, and considering their target market (the future) ,young people who use their mobile phones for more than emergency calls, their changes are very appropriate. After all it is the younger generations who will be more dependent on mobile communications as time passes accepting more services into their everyday life moving forward into the future†¦. and unlike the rest of the industry Orange has branded itself as the future which is very fitting. References Senior, B. & Fleming, J. (2006). Organizational Change (3rd ed. ). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.

Operational management Essay

1. Viking Sewing Machines ltd, a large company, was engaged in manufacturing and marketing household sewing machines including electronic models and low priced mechanical models. Sale of domestic sewing machines was declining all over the world in view of the increasing popularity of readymade garments produced by companies using industrial sewing machines. At this stage there was a change in the ownership of Viking in 1997, when the CEO resigned and a new CEO took charge. Under his leadership, Viking considered the following mission statements for the company: a. To develop, produce, market and sell sewing machines and related products which enhance the joy of creative sewing; b. To be consumer driven company ensuring growth, profitability and success by providing superior satisfaction to the consumers and our dealer partners by continuously adding value to the Viking brand; c. To be recognized as the leading premier sewing machine company in the world; and d. To expand our business by creating demand for more creative uses of sewing. Which one of the above mission statements should the company adopt and why? Answer Every business had to be managed and operated with a long term seted goal. So, they need to forecast about the upcoming future of the company and that forecasting should be done in such a way so that it can be more effective and efficient for the organization in the long run. Here, the competitors had already beat the Viking Sewing Machine ltd. So to stay in the competitive market, Viking Sewing Machine ltd should adopt such a policy so that they can be sustainable in the market. Therefore, in order to be sustainable Viking Sewing Machine ltd should follow the second mission statement â€Å"to be a consumer driven company ensuring growth, profitability and success by providing superior satisfaction to the consumers and our dealer patter and by continuously adding value to the Viking Brand.† Because, consumers are the key assets for every company. When consumers will be satisfied with the product they have purchased, they themselves will repeatedly buy the products and they will promote the product by themselves to their close persons. Thus the company would gain some valued customers which will help them to be stable in the market. Again, when Viking will  maintain a good relation to their dealers (supply chain management is very important for every organization), they will be very glad for working with such a company. They will also be loyal with the company and will do for the betterment of the company always. 2. For more than ten years till 1995, Laboni stores ltd was successfully running a a number of retail stores selling cosmetics and skin care products. From 1996, sales were stagnating and now after a year had started declining. The general manager of the company made enquiries from stores in charge at various locations of stores. All of them reported that ladies, particularly the younger generation, were found to be highly discriminating about choice of products. Demand for certain branded items widely fluctuated due to movie artists’ preferences shown on the TV. Also there is a marketed tendency to equate quality with rice. The general managed decided to have environmental analysis carried out with a focus on changes in social and cultural factors among urban ladies On that basis he even thought of recommending to the board of directors a complete change in the product lines to be decided. Do you think the GM was right in his approach regarding environmental scanning? What other factors in the environment needed analysis? If there was a clear change in tastes and preferences of buyers of certain products, is it essential for the company to switch over to a different product line? Answer Every organization in the world needs to modify their business model in some context. When the demand for their products starts to decline due to the change in tastes and preferences of their customers and their competitive pressure keep increasing, they should grab a new policy for their company just to be sustaining in the competitive market. Here, considering the above mentioned fact, I would say that yes, the general manager was right in his approach regarding environmental scanning of the product. Because by scanning the environment, the company would able to know the actual demand of their products and some other factors which are hampering their market such as the quality of their competitors product, what new demand exist in  the market, what their customer wants, which innovation should they bring . As there was a clear change in the tastes and preferences of their customers of certain products, the company should switch over to a different product line based on the result s they have found from the scanning of the environment. 3. Avik industries ltd was a family owned conglomerate with diversified business activities including consumers’ durables, switchgears, batteries and both toilate and washing soapes. For a number of years the company prospered with growth in volumes and market share. But its performance had setback in 1999, when the net margins in switchgears, the most profitable product, declined from 12 to 11%, while in consumer durables it had halved to 6%, the batteries business was under pressure, and the ailing soaps division had just started looking up. The chief executive of the switchgear unit observed that the results would have been worse but for the focus on operational efficiency. For years, Avik had been organized along four divisions as independent profit centres. Except for HR and finance, all other functions were decentralized. The advantage was that each of the businesses had a strong focus. It also facilitated customer focus. The flipside was that divisions became insular and inward looking. Each division had its own ad budget even separated ad agencies. The sales force was pushed to look at short term product promotions in the face of competitive pressure. The cost of sales was rising much faster than rate of growth in sales. It seemed divisional autonomy had been pushed too far down the line. Should the divisional set up be disbanded? Or, should the divisions be converted into SBUs and spun off into separate companies? Is there any other alternative structure possible? Answer Decentralization makes all individual more creative as their decisions get more valued from the top level of the organization. So they get more encouraged to take all the decisions of the company very carefully as they know that they will be treated well for a better decision in future. Now  considering the mentioned fact, my suggestion would be neither the divisional set up should be disbanded nor a single division should be converted in to separate companies. Rather,  Avik industries ltd should disbanded their decision of decentralizing their all other departments. I would say that the decentralization would be very better for the company. And altogether, the SBUs must be added into all their separated departments. Henceforth, the decentralization will allow all other departments to make their own decision and the SBUs will put all the information of the organization from all the separated departments together. Thus, the management board and all others can look for every decision of their organization that had taken in separated departments and would be able to make any correction if they needed in future. So, the decision would mostly come from the top level of the company which will bring the betterment for the company.

Restructure of the Global Economy after the Financial Crises Essay

Restructure of the Global Economy after the Financial Crises - Essay Example Kenneth Lay and his team of corrupt executives stole millions of dollars in performance bonuses. He cooked up the books, created fake shell corporations, and misguided the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the general public about the actual state of affairs at Enron. I would ask Kenneth Lay about the start of the pattern of corruption at Enron. Did he ever think that the corruption at his company would get so much out of control? Does he feel any remorse for destroying the value of Enron from $90 a stock to less $1? The stockholders of Enron lost over $11 billion due to the irresponsible actions of Kenneth Lay and his crew of bandits (Suddath). The second person I started to talk to at the party was Bernard Madoff. Once upon a time Bernard Madoff was in charge of what seemed to be one of the most successful investment funds in the industry. In reality Bernard Madoff was not investing any of the money he was receiving from investors. Bernard Madoff was running a $50 billio n ponzi scheme. The revelation is considered one of the biggest financial scandals in the history of Wall Street. Upon meeting Mr. Madoff I would ask him about his illicit operations. What was different about your ponzi scheme? How were you able to hide the truth from investors from so long? If you had to do it again would you make the same decisions? Bernard Madoff wasted his financial intellect robbing people of their hard earn money. The next two persons I got a chance to talk to during the party were Milton Friedman and Adam Smith. Both these gentlemen have no association to the disgraceful scandals Kenneth Lay and Bernard Madoff were involved with. Milton Friedman has worked throughout his lifetime as an economist, professor, and author of many books. In 1976 Milton Friedman won the Nobel Prize for economics. In 1962 he wrote the book Capitalism and Freedom. Adam Smith throughout his lifetime was a philosopher and economist. He introduced the topic of self-interest into the bus iness world. â€Å"Today Smith’s reputation rests on his explanation of how rational self-interest in a free-market economy leads to economic well being† (Econlib). I would sit in a round table with both Milton and Adam to discuss the financial crisis of 2008 and ideas on how to improve the global economy today. During the financial crisis of 2008 the global economy hit rock bottom as the world entered into a recession that devastated the standard of living of billions of humans across the world. The banking industry was one of the parties responsible for the crisis due to the fact that they were making housing loans to people that did not qualify. The housing market fell and many Americans were faced with negative equity on their homes. Bankruptcies skyrocketed during the financial crisis of 2008. I would ask both Adam Smith and Milton Friedman if they thought the crisis could have been prevented. I would take advantage of this opportunity to speak with these two reno unced economists to discuss ideas about how to improve the global economy. An idea that I have that is aligned with the self-interest perspective of Adam Smith is imposing a global tax. The global tax would equal 2% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of each nation. The organization responsible for charging the tax would be the United Nations. The money gathered from this tax would be used to provide economic assistance to the

Minimum wage Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Minimum wage - Article Example If the growth in minimum wages had been at par with the growth in average Wages, minimum wages in America would have been $10.50 today. Moreover, if they had been concurrent with ‘productivity,’ then the minimum wages should have been $18.75 and if it had grown at the same rate as the upper 1% wage paid to workers, the minimum wage would have been $28 per hour today. (Cooper and Hall) There are many returns associated with increasing the minimum wages. Firstly, contrary to many who believe that increasing minimum wages creates unemployment in the economy, it actually creates more employment. Secondly, an increase in minimum wages would give more money in the hands of the workers, which would mean extra spending in the economy. According to the economic analysis done by Cooper & Hall (2013), they say that a â€Å"$115,000 increase in economic activity results in the creation of one new full-time-equivalent job in the current economy.† (Cooper and Hall). Considering this analysis, they conclude that an increase in minimum wage from the current levels to $10.10 an hour would result in extra employment opportunities of about 140,000 new workers. However, Jacob Mincer (1974) believed that there was no real evidence to suggest that an increase in minimum wages would lead to unemployment or create employment. (Mincer). Currently, for each job opportunity in the US, there is an unemployment of approximately 3.4 (Shierholz cited by Cooper and Hall). This is because the employers do not have to offer the adequate wages to employ a worker, nor do they have to increase wages to retain the worker. Cooper and Hall quote American Enterprise Institute scholar Desmond Lachman, a former managing director at Salomon Smith Barney, as told to The New York Times, â€Å"Corporations are taking huge advantage of the slack in the labour market—they are in a very strong position and workers are in a very weak position.

Case Study_Secondary Ticket Market Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Study_Secondary Ticket Market - Case Study Example Whilst the teams earn extra revenue from this practice, the main problem is that tickets that are acquired through bad ways are set to tarnish their image. The success in sport is about creating good reputation so as to be in a position to create mutual understanding with the fans. The other problem is that the tickets sold at secondary markets are overpriced and this is detrimental to the teams involved. This is just as good as parallel market where in some instances the tickets are sold for a premium price while their actual value is far below that. This negatively impacts on the fans though the team owners benefit from this practice because they would be working hand in glove with the â€Å"scalpers.† In other words, some people end up reaping from where they did not sow and this is not good practice in as far as sport and gaming are concerned. The image of the team will be tarnished at the end of day and this is the reason why a team should make sure that opportunists do n ot short change the supporters. In the long run, it can be seen that the team will end up losing credibility as a result of the activities of the secondary ticket sellers who may be bent on fulfilling their selfish interests. When people lose trust in the team, it may not be able to generate more revenue since people may end up shunning it. It is problematic for a team to lose the supporters through unethical conduct by the secondary sellers of the tickets. This task should be performed by the agents employed by the team. Analysis and evaluation of the alternatives In the first place, the problem exists because there are some holders of seasonal tickets who feel that they cannot attend all games. As such they decide to sell these tickets to the secondary markets which will later resell them to the people who may be interested in buying them. Whilst this is not a very bad idea since it entails that the team will generate more revenue from this practice, it can be noted that there are certain problems associated with the whole arrangement. In order to address the loopholes identified above, it is imperative for the respective teams to put control measures that are meant to ensure that all unwanted tickets are sold through their offices. Instead of engaging secondary sellers to perform this particular function, the respective teams should create channels that are meant to ensure that unwanted tickets are sold through their office. However, the only disadvantage of this alternative is that the team may not be able to manage all centers that will be responsible for this exercise across the whole country. The other alternative is that the team involved should harness new information and communication technology such that the fans who want to resell their tickets can do it through its official website. If the team harnesses new information and technology, there are likely chances that the loopholes in the secondary ticketing system are eliminated. It also becomes eas y to communicate with the fans intending to sell their tickets such that there is transparency in all the transactions that may ensue. The major advantage of this method is that the internet is secure and transparency is likely to be enhanced since all transactions can be accounted for. All the ticket holders who feel that they no longer need to go to a particular game should approach the registered agents instead of going to secondary ticket holders

Lust, Love & Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lust, Love & Relationship - Essay Example The article highlights the story life of the author during her college days. In her relationship, the author compares herself with other peers. The element of money and financial disparities arises. The author creates an environment where those with financial advantage tend to enjoy love compared to those who are financially disadvantage(Kennedy, 2015). Her envy of her girlfriend suggests the monetary aspect plays part in love and happiness. The author also reflects the level of relationship and her situation as she describes her love as serious as being serious. The article concludes by suggesting that the author’s college life was meant to sample and determine what factors surrounding love. The author indicates that marriage explores is a test of what one had experienced during their teenage lives. According to Derleg, communication plays part in determining the type of relationship to be experienced by different parties. The length of a relationship will be determine by the level of communication between parties. A close communication model will ensure a loner relationship. In the article the author indicate her love life with her boyfriend begins and ended in collage. The factors behind this could be that after collage the two limited their communication hence breaking their relationship. Communication and relationship have a positive correlation. According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, intimacy is a fro of relationship that defines closeness and define the love distance between two.

Do you agree that fat is a feminist issue why or why not Essay

Do you agree that fat is a feminist issue why or why not - Essay Example Women indulge in food so that they can be taken more serious in their areas of work, especially by their male colleagues. Losing weight leads to them being overlooked by their male counterparts. Other women have different reasons for being fat. While some opt to grow fat to avoid competition from other women, others do go this direction to de-sexualize themselves, yet others do it because of their mothers’ crazy relationship with food. Women who are fat usually think they are in desperate need of weight loss, yet subconsciously they hold on to the desire to stay fat. They seem to enjoy the advantages that come with being fat. They keep overlooking the very activities that lead them to being fat such as compulsive eating. Orbach shares her experience with trying to lose weight as she opens a window into her life with obesity. Although she had suffered dieting, bingeing and selfhatred for ten years, she got renewed within six months after enrolling for a course on compulsive eating (Wilson par. 5). Women do crazy things in the name of growing thin; some vomit food until it even comes out of the nostrils, some do laxatives, others exercise twice a day for two and a half hour sessions per session, while others try diets such as atkins diet, cabbage soup, south beach and the zone and the long list of despair and self hatred continues. Women count calories, measure grams offat, drink very bitter tasting juices for weeks just to look good on the beach. After doing all this, they realize they feel a lot happier being size 16 than trying to be size 8 (Gordon par. 4). Throughout a lot of exaggeration can be see, images have become sexier in an unattainable manner. These are just the consequences of a social system in which those who wield power take advantage both at home and at the workplace. Some, like Duchess Windsor, believe that a woman cannot be too thin, a sentiment echoed by all fashion and beauty magazines, every television commercial, weight loss

Issac Newton(Scientist) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issac Newton(Scientist) - Essay Example When he was sixteen, his mother, who had become widowed once again, pulled her son from school in the hopes of turning him into a farmer. Newton detested farming, preferring to spend his time in the confines of his books. Fortunately, the master at the school that Newton attended convinced his mother to allow Newton to finish his education. He became the top-ranked student of his year, and in June 1661, he was admitted to Trinity College in Cambridge, where he studied advanced philosophy and the works of many renowned astronomers (Dolnick 18). The courses that he took influenced not only the rest of his educational years, but his future career as well, making many contributions to mathematics and space sciences. In regard to his contributions to mathematics, Newton discovered the binomial theorem, as well as began to form a mathematical theory that would eventually become what it now known as infinitesimal calculus. Not too long after these discoveries and developments, the school th at Newton attended closed down in an attempt to protect teachers and students from the Great Plague. The private studies that he tended to at home showed more development than they had while Newton was physically attending school. During his independent studies, Newton further developed his calculus theories, as well as theories of optics and the law of gravitation. Newton published many books about his mathematical theories, but then decided to focus more on mathematics in regard to space. After his education, Newton lectured on optics, focusing primarily on the refraction of light, â€Å"demonstrating that a prism could decompose white light into a spectrum of colours, and that a lens and a second prism could recompose the multicoloured spectrum into white light (Ball 324).† It was also during this that Newton discovered that colored light does not change its properties, regardless of whether or not it was scattered or reflected, which became known as Newton’s theory of color. Wanting to test his theory, Newton built the first refracting telescope to physically display his theory of color. When Newton had penned out and taught all that he could about color and light, and after many successes with publishing and being acknowledged for his works, Newton turned back to his work on celestial mechanics. He focused more specifically on the effect of gravity on the orbits of planets, referring to Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Newton became even more involved in his work with space sciences at the appearance of a comet, which he used to prove his theory of universal gravitation. This law of universal gravitation reveals that â€Å"every point mass in the universe attracts every other point mass with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses (Brackenridge 36).† Between the universal gravitational law and Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, Newton was able to prove that the Moon has a gravitational attr action to the Earth, which he was then able to apply to the orbits of comets and other celestial objects. Newton also made an impression in the ongoing argument of whether or not the universe was heliocentric (everything orbits around the Sun) or geocentric (the belief that everything orbits around the Earth). This argument had been one that was religiously heated, especially from within the Catholic Church, so a lot of the information in regard to the arguments were based

Explain what the term 'fair trade' means and what are the importnent Essay

Explain what the term 'fair trade' means and what are the importnent issues for the business world - Essay Example The Fair Trade Federation states that members are committed to seven key concepts: to pay fair wages; to support participatory workplaces; to ensure environmental sustainability; to supply financial and technical support; to respect cultural identity; to offer public accountability; and to educate consumers. Fair trade consists of 10 standards a business must adhere to. These include: working to create opportunities for disadvantaged producers; transparent management and accountability; helping producers to develop independence; raising awareness and promoting the opportunities of fair trade; paying a fair price; offering gender equality; providing safe and healthy work environments; respecting the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child; working toward environmentally healthy approaches; and fair trade relations—taking into consideration the social, economic and environmental well-being of producers and not taking advantage of the producers by profiting at their expense. 2 To be included as a fair trade business, one must first determine what is considered â€Å"fair†. Fair Trade Resource Network (FTRN) says that being fair constitutes more than just paying a fair wage. â€Å"It means that trading partnerships are based on reciprocal benefits and mutual respect; that prices paid to producers reflect the work they do; that workers have the right to organize; that national health, safety, and wage laws are enforced; and that products are environmentally sustainable and conserve natural resources.†3 The products included in fair trade business are numerous. These include: apparel, accessories, art, crafts, agricultural products, furniture, cards, holiday items, house wares, jewelry, music and musical instruments, paper, pottery, rugs, textiles, toys and others. For consumers, it’s not always easy to determine if a product comes from a fair-trade business.

Poem Comparing Essay Example for Free

Poem Comparing Essay Good evening Mr. Georges and fellow classmates, I have researched about 2 poems and made a comparison between the two. I’m here today to talk to you about them and see what you think at the end of the speech. The two poems I researched were (on the sea, author John Keats) and (sea fever, author John Masefield). as you can see from the title of the poems that they are bot about the sea but don’t be confused, they’re both completely different stories. Both of these poems talk about the sea, they are both referring to the sea as a human and identifying it in a human characteristic kind of way. As we can see along the sonnet (on the sea), the author uses terms as uproar rude, mighty swell, caverns, and vexed, desolate shores. He also mentions The Greco-Roman goddess Hecate associated with magic and the wild. This is referring to the sea and how ruthless it can be. This poem deals with nature, focusing on its wild and violent side. This poem also reflects on human actions. The poem is comparing the nature with the human being, because we can also get wild and violent. It seems a criticism of the alienation of the human being -above all when living and working in big cities. So the author may be calling our attention – the speaker of the poem addresses to us (Oh ye!) -And giving us a piece of advice- not to underestimate nature. John Masefields poem Sea Fever is a work of art that brings beauty to the English language through its use of rhythm, imagery and many complex figures of speech. The imagery in Sea Fever suggests an adventurous ocean that appeals to all five senses. Along with an adventurous ocean, Sea Fever also sets a mood of freedom through imagery of traveling gypsies. These poems both use a rhythmic tone in their stanzas. In the sonnet â€Å"sea fever† lines 3 and four, it uses rhythmic language, these lines say â€Å"And the wheel’s kick and the wind’s song and the white sail’s shaking, And a grey mist on the sea’s face, and a grey dawn breaking† These are just two lines in the poem but if you actually read the poem you can see examples of rhyme throughout the whole poem. In the sonnet â€Å"On the sea† examples of rhythmic language can be found in the lines 4 and 5, these lines say â€Å"Of Hecate leaves them their old shadowy sound, Often tis in such gentle temper found† and as in the first sonnet, this sonnet also has rhythmic language throughout the whole poem. These poems also have their differences; they each talk about the sea but in a different perception. The sonnet, (on the sea), talks about the sea and how angry it can be, it is comparing the sea with human actions and is warning the humans to be careful of the nature. It talks about the Greco-Roman goddess Hecate associated with magic and the wild. I wonder if the author is referring to something that happened to his life that made him so angry to write this poem, what do you think it could be? The Author uses language techniques like Personification, Capitalisation and rhyme. He personifies the Sea in line 5 by saying it has a gentle temper. The author uses capitalization for the word †Sea† which makes me believe that he was trying to make the subject of the poem a human. â€Å"He uses Rhyme throughout the whole poem and it does make the poem seem more interesting to read. The sonnet (sea fever) is completely opposite to the sonnet (on the sea) because sea fever talks about the sea but it talks about a sailor and how he just can’t wait to get on a ship and sail into the sea. This poem talks about a sailor who is very excited to go out to sea, he wants adventure, and he wants a wild journey into the ocean living the vagrant gypsy life. The author refers to the sea as a home to this sailor unlike the sonnet (on the sea) which refers to the sea as a wild, dangerous and ruthless place. The author uses language techniques like Metaphors, emotive language and Repetition. Examples of Metaphors used in this poem are (sea and the sky) line 1, (star to steer) line 2, (and gulls way and the whales way where the winds like a whetted knife) line 10. Examples of Emotive language used in this poem are (to the lonely sea and the sky) line 1 (and the sea gulls crying) line 8. An example of repletion is that he starts every stanza with the sentence (I must go down to the seas again). So in conclusion these poems are similar but different in many ways, and like me and you each of them has their ups and downs. They both talk about the sea but each in a different perception. Thanks for listening to my speech and I hope you gained a little information from me today.

The Journey Of Mahatma Gandhi Religion Essay

The Journey Of Mahatma Gandhi Religion Essay Movie: Gandhi (1982) directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Ben Kingsley in the title role. This movie won 9 Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Screenplay and Best Cinematography. This movie depicts the journey of Mahatma Gandhi from the sole colored (racial discrimination inflicted on him) practicing advocate in South Africa, who is thrown out of a train at Pietermaritzburg on his refusal to shift to a third class coach while holding a valid first class ticket to the leader using the principles of non-violent resistance on behalf of Indian immigrants to his relocation to his mother land, India and inspiring the millions of fellow citizens by his charismatic leadership skills. The movie also portrays his individuality and relationships with his family, close-associates, friends and leaders of Indian Congress Party. Additionally, the principles followed by Mahatma Gandhi are represented fairly with the right blend of external factors including the British policies, poverty prevalent in rural India and discrimination issues affecting his decisions, outlook and strategies adopted together with the building of his Ashram. Who was Gandhi? Mr. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, bestowed with the title of Mahatma  [1]  (Hindi word for great soul), lovingly called Bapu (Hindi word for father) by his followers, is the Father of nation  [2]  of India, who not only raised his voice for Swaraj (home rule for India) and taught his countrymen to fight against the British empire, but led the world to believe and still follow his principles of truth and non-violence. Mahatma Gandhi was a qualified Barrister, studied law in University College of London, lead a simple life with his wife, Kasturbai Makhanji and four sons, Harilal, Manilal, Ramdas and Devdas. Though a Hindu by birth, he believed in spirituality and not strict adherence to religious beliefs. The dialogue from the movie Gandhi clearly reveals the same: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I will begin with the Bible where the words of the Lord are, Love thy neighbor as thyself and then our beloved Gita which says, The world is a garment worn by God, thy neighbor is in truth thyself and finally the Holy Koran, We shall remove all hatred from our hearts and recline on couches face to face, a band of brothers  [3]  . It is easier to explain the austerity of this great leader by borrowing the condolences of Edward R. Murrow from the 1982 movie Gandhi: ..Mahatma Gandhi was not a commander of great armies nor ruler of vast lands, he could boast no scientific achievements, no artistic gift. Yet men, governments and dignitaries from all over the world have joined hands today to pay homage to this little brown man in the loincloth who led his country to freedom Guiding principles and followers: Mahatma Gandhi followed the following 11 vows  [4]  throughout his life: non-violence, truth, non stealing, self discipline, non-possession, Bread labor, control of the palate, Fearlessness, equality of all religions, use of only locally made goods and removal of untouchability. These vows were envisaged in his book Yervada Mandir. He was unperturbed by the consequences that could follow on pursuing these principles, which undoubtedly made him the unique leader of East inspiring leaders across the globe, including Martin Luther King and James Lawson, drew from the writings of Gandhi in the development of their own theories about non-violence. Anti-apartheid activist and former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, was inspired by Gandhi. Others include Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Steve Biko, Aung San Suu Kyi and Philippine opposition leader during the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, Benigno Aquino, Jr.  [5]  The Time Magazine in December, 1999 edition named The 14th Dalai Lama, Lech WaÅ‚Äâ„ ¢sa, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Cesar Chavez, Aung San Suu Kyi, Benigno Aquino, Jr., Desmond Tutu and Nelson Mandela as Children of Gandhi and his spiritual heirs to non-violence.  [6]   His journey, from a briefless barrister  [7]  in Bombay to the half naked Indian fakir  [8]  to the champion of the cause of non-violence and equality, was full of thorns in the form of assorted problems faced by him as well as roses as the numerous followers. Innumerable writers and leaders world-over have diverse opinion about the greatest spiritual and political leader of India. Whether people follow the principles of Mahatma Gandhi or they loathe him, his immense work cannot be ignored. In the words of Martin Luther King Jr. in the year 1955: Christ gave us the goals and Mahatma Gandhi the tactics.  [9]  The person of the century  [10]  Albert Einstein in his condolence message declared that Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this walked the earth in flesh and blood. Johanna Macgeary, a journalist with Time magazine quoted: His generation knew him as a radical political agitator; ours shrugs off a holy man with romantic notions of a pure, pre-industrial life. Further reporting that even his principal adversary, the Afrikaner leader Jan Smuts, recognized the power of his idea: Men like him redeem us from a sense of commonplace and futility.  [11]   The President of USA, Mr. B. H. Obama at the Wakefield High School speech in September 2009, quickly responded to a question posed on him as who was the one person, dead or alive, that he would choose to dine with? as Gandhi!, who he considers his biggest inspiration.  [12]   Leadership style: Leadership is a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task.  [13]  There are diverse opinions and theories regarding definitions and classifications of leadership styles. Nevertheless, in the words of Vance Packard Leadership appears to be the art of getting others to want to do something you are convinced should be done. Leadership style is the summation of manner and approach of a leader in providing direction towards the accomplishment of a common task, implementing plans and motivating people. Kurt Lewin  [14]  led a group of researchers to identify different styles of leadership and established three major styles of leadership  [15]  as: authoritarian or autocratic; participative or democratic and delegative or laissez-faire. Participative leader: Mahatma Gandhi definitely was a participative or democratic leader, who involved the whole team in planning and goal setting, problem solving and emphasised team building; on the other hand, he retained his decision making authority that could not be challenged. Rather than deciding in an autocratic manner, he involved other people in the process, including his subordinates, peers, superiors and other stakeholders. Since the political situation then, was dynamic and changing frequently, the required democratic leadership flowed from Mahatma Gandhi. He brought out the best of experience and skill from the fellow Congress leaders, seniors and followers. He had a strong conviction with the right blend of flexibility and chose the appropriate approach to be followed. The communication channels used were open and transparent; and in case of any changes, the strategy was explained unambiguously. Theories of leadership: Various theories have been propounded on the concept of leadership based on varied attributes of a leader including traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision and values, charisma, and intelligence among others.  [16]   Transformational Leadership: Transformational leadership  [17]  as defined by Burns, is the process of motivating the team by leader to be effective and efficient and engaging their commitments in the context of the shared values and shared vision. It involves relationship of mutual trust between the leaders and the followers. Mahatma Gandhi beyond doubt was a transformational leader. He utilised his communication skills for facilitating and focusing his peers and followers on the final desired outcome or goal attainment. In consonance with Burns analysis, Mahatma Gandhi was highly visible and used chain of command. He focused on the ideal vision of Swaraj Home rule for India, and was surrounded by numerous other leaders who were responsible and accountable for the interim milestones leading to attaining the target. All the four elements of a transformational leader were evident in Mahatma Gandhis leadership: individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence. He attempted to attend to his followers individual needs, acting as their mentor and addressing their concerns. He unconditionally supported his followers and respected their individual contributions. The followers also had aspirations for self development and were motivated towards accomplishing their responsibilities. He was never averse to taking risks and was open to nurturing associates and followers. He articulated a common vision which inspiring not only his followers, but his peers and other contemporary leaders. Leaders with inspirational motivation challenge followers with high standards, communicate optimism about future goals, and provide meaning for the task at hand. Followers need to have a strong sense of purpose if they are to be motivated to act. Purpose and meaning pro vide the energy that drives a group forward. The visionary aspect of leadership are supported by communication skills that makes it precise and powerful. The followers are willing to invest more effort in their tasks, they are encouraged and optimistic about the future and believe in their abilities. 4. Idealized Influence Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust. It involves having a clear vision and a sense of purpose. Such leaders are able to win the trust and respect of the followers. They build a base for future mission, which enables them to obtain extra efforts from the followers. Charismatic Leader Till now we have read about different types of leaders but some times it happens that we are awed by a leader and follow him/her blindly. The personal charm of the person influences us. These types of leaders are known as charismatic leaders. Mahatma Gandhi was also an example of charismatic leader. The charismatic leaders have the ability to carry the masses the them. They have a great deal of emotional appeal. Swami Vivekanand was another charismatic leader. Some characteristicof charismatic leaders are followers accept the leader unquestioningly. followers obey the leader willingly. followers beleif are similar to the leaders beleifs. followers trust the correctness of the leaders beleif. Servant leadership: Contemporary leaders:

Masculine Identity in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay -- Essays

Masculine Identity in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Vern L. Bullough's article, "On Being a Male in the Middle Ages," addresses how vital it was for a man living in the middle ages to be sexually active in order to maintain a masculine identity by explaining: Quite clearly, male sexual performance was a major key to being male. It was a man's sexual organs that made him different and superior to the woman. But maleness was somewhat fragile, and it was important for a man to keep demonstrating his maleness by action and thought, especially by sexual action. It was part of his duty to keep his female partners happy and satisfied, and unless he did so, he had failed as a man. (41) If we are to use this reference to explain what constitutes maleness in the middle ages, then the question naturally arises as to how Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight retains his masculine identity while abstaining from sex. I believe the answer to this can be found by looking at the structure of the story, in which we will find that Gawain is surrounded by father figures who create a superego that requires Gawain to repress his sexual desires. At the same time, these parent figures are testing Gawain's ability to abstain from sexual intercourse to see if he is worthy of a courtly masculine title. Therefore, the only way Gawain can achieve and maintain this masculine identity is to abstain from sex. We should begin our observations into the question of how Sir Gawain's masculinity works by focusing on the Green Knight. The Green Knight, the first father figure introduced in the story, tests Gawain's masculinity. Before the Green Knight can test Gawain, though, he must prove that he is in a position to pass judgment. C... ...teilungen. 86 (1985): 482-88. Bullough, Vern L. "On Being a Male in the Middle Ages." Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages. Medieval Cultures; 7. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1994. Freud, Sigmund. Character and Culture. 1907. New York: Crowell-Collier P, 1970. Freud, Sigmund. The Origin & Development of Psychoanalysis. 1910. New York: Henry Regnery Company, 1967. Freud, Sigmund. Sexuality and the Psychology of Love. 1905. New York: Crowell-Collier P, 1970. Hedges, Warren. Personal interview. 26 November 1996. Kinney, Clare R. "The (Dis)Embodied Hero and the Signs of Manhood in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages. Medieval Cultures; 7. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1994. Mann, Jill. "Prince and Value in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." Essays in Criticism. 36 (1986): 294-318. Masculine Identity in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay -- Essays Masculine Identity in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Vern L. Bullough's article, "On Being a Male in the Middle Ages," addresses how vital it was for a man living in the middle ages to be sexually active in order to maintain a masculine identity by explaining: Quite clearly, male sexual performance was a major key to being male. It was a man's sexual organs that made him different and superior to the woman. But maleness was somewhat fragile, and it was important for a man to keep demonstrating his maleness by action and thought, especially by sexual action. It was part of his duty to keep his female partners happy and satisfied, and unless he did so, he had failed as a man. (41) If we are to use this reference to explain what constitutes maleness in the middle ages, then the question naturally arises as to how Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight retains his masculine identity while abstaining from sex. I believe the answer to this can be found by looking at the structure of the story, in which we will find that Gawain is surrounded by father figures who create a superego that requires Gawain to repress his sexual desires. At the same time, these parent figures are testing Gawain's ability to abstain from sexual intercourse to see if he is worthy of a courtly masculine title. Therefore, the only way Gawain can achieve and maintain this masculine identity is to abstain from sex. We should begin our observations into the question of how Sir Gawain's masculinity works by focusing on the Green Knight. The Green Knight, the first father figure introduced in the story, tests Gawain's masculinity. Before the Green Knight can test Gawain, though, he must prove that he is in a position to pass judgment. C... ...teilungen. 86 (1985): 482-88. Bullough, Vern L. "On Being a Male in the Middle Ages." Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages. Medieval Cultures; 7. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1994. Freud, Sigmund. Character and Culture. 1907. New York: Crowell-Collier P, 1970. Freud, Sigmund. The Origin & Development of Psychoanalysis. 1910. New York: Henry Regnery Company, 1967. Freud, Sigmund. Sexuality and the Psychology of Love. 1905. New York: Crowell-Collier P, 1970. Hedges, Warren. Personal interview. 26 November 1996. Kinney, Clare R. "The (Dis)Embodied Hero and the Signs of Manhood in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages. Medieval Cultures; 7. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1994. Mann, Jill. "Prince and Value in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." Essays in Criticism. 36 (1986): 294-318.

Leadership Essay -- Leading Leader Essays

Leadership   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This short paper is about leadership and management. The initial part of this paper will explore the qualities of leadership and its affect on project management. The next section will investigate some of the CEO’s management styles and their comparable success rates within industry. The reflection of project management’s code of ethics affect on leadership in general concludes the research presentation. The writer concludes with his own summation of leadership. Leadership Effective leaders are rare. They are created through the trials and tribulations of managing or working with people in a variety of settings. Most good leaders have had their fair share of hard knocks that awakened them to the greater potential within their scope of influence. Effective leaders are excellent communicators, able to speak the many languages of the individuals within the groups they lead. Oftentimes the individual perspectives may appear different simply from the type of language they use. A good leader pays attention to the facts and then makes decisions based on objective analysis of those facts. Effective leaders naturally motive people from their actions, which include showing respect, listening, reflecting, and negotiating through conflict. Leaders encourage and empower people to achieve success rather than place blame. Leaders have solid vision and unshakeable persistence in achieving a goal. Their efforts are empowered by their ability to manage and organize both activities and time in their busy schedules.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A good leader is courageous, able to make decisions without hesitation, and maintains integrity of word and deed. Dependability is also a key trait for a leader must always be there for their group. Sound judgment and sensibility are also features of a leader, with loyalty, enthusiasm, endurance, and initiative rounding out the ever expanding list. These characteristics manifest in a variety of presentations and situations, especially for project managers in process. Project Manager Effectiveness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Project managers are leaders of small and large groups destined to complete a strategic project plan. Leadership characteristics described above can make or break a team. In all successful project fulfillments, it is the leadership of the project manager that determines the type of success for the project’s members. The most... ...e attitude of project management reflects this change. The qualities of leadership and project management demonstrate the symbiosis of creating results in life or in industry. There is little difference between the two in our evolving society. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It can be said that a good man is worth his weight in gold. This writer proposes that a true leader is priceless. Demonstrating the qualities of leadership not only wins friends and influences people; it sets the standard of behavior within an organization. The writer’s perspective of a true leader is one who leads people through using charisma, tact and skill, with concern for the rights and privileges of others, and cares for the positive impact on people and planet within the scope of their leadership and beyond. References Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow – The Psychology of Optimal Experience, New York, NY: Harper and Row Publishing. Gray, Clifford F.; Larson, Erik W., Project Management – The Managerial Process, Copyright  © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Tart, Dr. Charles (1986), Waking Up – Overcoming the Obstacles to Human Potential, Copyright  © 1986 by The Institute of Noetic Sciences

Euthanasia :: Medical Assisted Suicide Drugs Essays

Euthanasia In recent years, Euthanasia has become a very heated debate. It is a Greek word that means "easy death" but the controversy surrounding it is just the opposite. Whether the issue is refusing prolonged life mechanically, assisting suicide, or active euthanasia, we eventually confront our socity's fears toward death itself. Above others, our culture breeds fear and dread of aging and dying. It is not easy for most of the western world to see death as an inevitable part of life. However, the issues that surround euthanasia are not only about death, they are about ones liberty, right to privacy and control over his or her own body. So, the question remains: Who has the right? Under current U.S. law, there are clear distinctions between the two types of euthanasia. One group of actions taken to bring about the death of a dying patient -withdrawal of life support, referred to by some as passive euthanasia- has been specifically upheld by the courts as a legal right of a patient to request and a legal act for a doctor to perform. A second group of actions taken to bring about the death of a dying patient -physician-assisted death, referred to by some as active euthanasia- is specifically prohibited by laws in most states banning "mercy killing" and is condemned by the American Medical Association. Although it is not a crime to be present when a person takes his or her life, it is a crime to take direct action intentionally designed to help facilitate death--no matter how justifiable and compassionate the circumstances may be.1 With active euthanasia, it is the doctor who administers the lethal drug dose. Since it is tantamount to homicide, the few U.S. docto rs who perform it have been brought to trial but none of them have ever been convicted and imprisoned. Modern interest in euthanasia in the United States began in 1870, when a commentator, Samuel Williams, proposed to the Birmingham Speculative Club that euthanasia be permitted "in all cases of hopeless and painful illness" to bring about "a quick and painless death." The word "painless" is important: the idea of euthanasia began gaining ground in modern times not because of new technologies for agonizingly prolonging life but because of the discovery of new drugs, such as morphine and various anesthetics for the relief of pain, that could also painlessly induce death. Over the next three decades Williams's proposal was reprinted in popular magazines and books, discussed in the pages of prominent literary and political journals, and debated at the meetings of American medical societies and nonmedical professional associations.

Desegregation Debate

The challenge of desegregating schools was brought upon in 1954 by five separate court cases, ultimately joined together and called Brown v. The Board of Education. Though each case was different, they all revolved around the main argument that segregation itself violated the â€Å"equal protection under the laws† guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, and had detrimental psychological effects on Negroes. Segregation was almost always initiated by whites, and initiated on the basis that blacks were inferior and undesirable. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. When blacks allowed themselves to accept their status at the separate school, the effect on their personalities was perpetually worse than any problem they might encounter in an integrated school. This element became a prominent part of the legal case against segregation (Stephan 9). The biggest argument against desegregation was the perception that blacks were not as intelligent as whites. Since the Fourteenth Amendment did not guarantee the right to a quality education, if a school chose not to accept them, there was nothing that could be done legally. Long after the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine became law, it was clear that blacks were indeed separate, but they were not equal. Segregation still had a firm hold in the areas of public education, public transportation, hotels and restaurants, hospitals, housing and departments of the United States Government (Stephan 7). An example was the case of McLaurin v. Oklahoma Board of Regents of Higher Education in 1950. George McLaurin was admitted on a segregated basis to the graduate school of the University of Oklahoma as a result of a federal district court order. He was required to sit in an anteroom outside of his classes and was given separate tables at the library and cafeteria (Stephan 11). The expenditure disparity between white and black children was enormous in some areas of the country. In the South, the average expenditure for white children was $44. 00, but was only $13. 00 for black children. In Georgia, the figures were $35. 00 versus $6. 00 and in Mississippi, $45. 00 versus $5. 00. Considering the national average per pupil expenditure was $99. 0, it was clear that the school system was separate and unequal and blacks were not receiving their fair share (Stephan 8). There was also the cost of integrating schools to legal specifications. To minimize transportation costs and to accommodate distinctions between the suburbs and the inner city, the people who were supposed to pay those costs were those who lived near the ghetto inside the inner city limits. Even though the cost was no more than segregation had imposed on middle-class black people, the whites argued that they now had to pay more money in taxes to solve a problem that wasn't their fault. Black children were more likely to attend an inner city school and they felt that in return for their taxes they would receive an increase in crime and a lower standard of education (Stephan 175). Another major argument regarding desegregation was the fact that there was de jure (by law) segregation in the south and de facto (by geography) segregation in the north, with the differentiating factor being â€Å"purpose or intent to segregate. † (Stephan 91) Every standing court order related to school desegregation was based on the discoveries of de jure segregation, either in the north or south. In each case, the courts found that local school districts and occasionally state educational agencies as well, had systematically carried out policies leading to or reinforcing segregation (Stephan 122). One of the disadvantages of desegregation, however, was the way it destroyed the ethnicity of blacks. While they were segregated, it was easy for them to maintain their African-American background. Once they became part of an integrated school system, they were forced to conform to white society's views on dress code, religion and behavior. The busing issue was considered to be â€Å"an educational disaster. † Whereas previously, black children had been bused long distances to segregated schools, now they were busing white children to integrated schools. It didn't help the minority children and it hurt the middle-class children, creating conflicts where they weren't any before. The white middle-class families who felt violated by having blacks being bused into their schools and neighborhoods fostered hostilities. When rioting broke out, it became so serious that the police and National Guard were called in to protect the black students. In addition, it increased educational costs with the addition of new buses and the salaries of the drivers, and jeopardized the health and safety of children (Stephan 123). According to the government, the purpose of desegregation was to integrate the population with the expectation that racially, economically and socially disadvantaged children would benefit and therefore enhance their abilities of obtaining the knowledge needed to acquire higher status and better jobs. With all of the factors contributing to the problems of desegregation, it is obvious that the blacks were caught in a no-win situation. They were already considered to be mentally inferior to whites due to the white perception of them during the times of slavery. Now they were attempting to increase their intelligence level, but their inferiority was causing them to be excluded from the same education that whites were receiving. Once they were finally granted rights into the schools, the stress they were experiencing caused even more psychological problems and learning disabilities. During this time, it was forgotten that the major function of schools was and always will be to educate, and that should never be based on race, religion or color.

Staff Employment

What I found in my search is that the staff and employment consist of the readiness of employees inside all areas of the world. The availability of the staff is the chief importance of employers everywhere. All areas of employment are touched by economics and it would also include the number of births in every region, and the level of training each person obtains. Another important fact is what the level of development the work opportunity would be. Since more individuals pass the age of 65 are finding themselves still having to work HR specialists find that they're having to formulate additional resolutions to meet the demands pertaining to our elderly citizens having to continue to work. Which means that HR specialists must be able to understand and implement the required laws to govern and track employee's records. Since employees and job types are continuously changing organizations find that they have variety to maintain a viable balance of employees to reach their goals in the global market. 100 years ago, most jobs were industrial in nature, what I mean is that individuals worked in factories or on an assembly lines. These types of positions weren't very challenging because it was a situation where the worker did the same thing over and over. With the new technology today, the work is more demanding, very competitive and more creative. Women are working in position that once was thought â€Å"only men could be productive in. Organizations must form associations with governments and scholarly foundations with the principle goal of guaranteeing that potential workers have the essential abilities that will set them up for the present and for what's to come. HR must start to think diversely and even perceive that the present workforce can't work for delayed hours like that of 100 years back. The nature of work and that of the laborer has experienced massive moves in the recent years. Also, companies have moved to global level with improved technology and communication. besides more women employees entered the workforce which was not the state 100 years ago where women live tended to arrange around their families. During World War I changed who the workforce would use since the men were either volunteering or being drafted to serve in the military which resulted in there was no one to fill the positions. After showing the factories that the women were capable to carry out the duties that the men could do, but they were paid less for the same job. Since then women have demanded rights for equal pay and treatment While the implications on for today's HR manager, there are new laws and rules that must be followed, which adds more responsibility when it come to harassment and the safety of the workforce. In 1938 the minimum wage laws began, and with this the HR manager have more responsibility. Now they had to determine a fair wage for every job and selected individuals for the positions. Then came the federal law that prohibits discrimination that was based on race, sex, and religion. Which meant that there are a certain number of women, no matter race must be hired. This law ensures that HR manager are properly doing the job making sure qualified individuals are hired and promoted without any prejudice. Today the HR Manager has definitely more work with shifts in types of jobs are additional responsibilities, such as hiring candidates beyond borders, and they must be able to efficiently scrutinize candidates and evaluate them. Plus, they are answerable for the organization benefits for example employee turnover, training and productivity. They face the need to develop new and improved techniques to support the organizations pursuit of its mission and values. Per the text here is a list of human resources talent management that are important as best practices in recruiting and retaining individuals to also achieve the organization objectives:Workforce planning – strategizes to ensure all practices support the long-term goals.Recruiting by examining internal talent and identifying and contacting external talent via social media.Applicant tracking – hiring, screening interviewing and background checks.Performance management – this is designed to motivate employees and determine sections that will need future training.Compensation ensure that each position pay is fair.Workforce development means that training is delivered based on performance and personal objectives.Also, HR managers in modern times needs to spend considerable time and money in training in new domain, technology and keep them constantly updated. The future US workforce groups in 2025 would be mostly aged population over 60 years. There will be rise of sm art machines and systems which will replace human workforce.

H2So3

H2SO3 Sulfurous acid is the chemical compound with the formula H2SO3. H2SO3 is a clear, colorless liquid with a sulfurous odor. It is a weak acid that is formed when sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water. Sulfurous acid is used as a bleaching and chemical reducing agent that is often used in medicine, throat and nasal sprays and skin lotions. Antiseptics, anti-fermentative, and antizymotics include sulfites that are formed from the acid. This compound is only stable in aqueous solutions, and decomposes back into sulfur dioxide and water when left standing.In addition, sulfurous acid is a crucial component to acid rain (1). H2SO3 causes burns in all exposure routes, its target organs are the respiratory system if inhaled, eyes through direct contact, skin through direct contact and gastrointestinal system if ingested. However, there is no chronic health hazards with H2SO3 (2). If Sulfurous acid is inhaled medical attention should be sought out immediately, the individual should be remo ved from the exposure to a more ventilated area with fresh air.If breathing remains difficult oxygen should be given, mouth to mouth should not be given if Sulfurous acid is inhaled or ingested. If Sulfurous acid makes direct contact to the eyes the eyes should be flushed immediately with a great deal of water for 15 minutes while lifting the lower and upper lids of the eye. medical attention should be sought out. If direct contact is made to the skin medical attention again should be sought out immediately. The skin should be flushed with water for 15 minutes and the contaminated clothing removed.And lastly, if the compound should be ingested vomiting should not be induced, medical attention should be sought out and poison control contacted. (2) Having exposure to to this compounds decomposition product sulfur dioxide in the air can reduce lung function and increase the likelihood of respiratory diseases and symptoms it has also been known to cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat along with premature mortality. The elderly, children and individuals suffering already from respiratory conditions such as asthma are at a higher risk than most (3).Environments storing or utilizing this compound should be furnished with an eyewash station and a safety shower. and the compound should only be used under a fume hood. Protective eyewear, gloves and clothing should be worn when dealing with Sulfurous acid. In addition, a respirator protection program should be in used. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place in a tightly closed container. Spills of Sulfurous acid should be absorbed with inert material and put in onto appropriate container.Wear a self contained breathing apparatus and appropriate personal protection. (2) The material that is left behind and cannot be saved or recycled should be managed in an appropriate waste facility where it can be analyzed for specific disposal requirements. Some state and local disposal regulations differ from fede ral requirement. It is crucial that the disposal of the container and unused material meets federal, state and local disposal requirements. (2) Bibliography 2. DuPont. (2006, October 14).Sulfur dioxide[Material Safety Data Sheet]. Retrieved from http://msds. dupont. com/msds/pdfs/EN/PEN_09004a2f8000730a. pdf 1. D. Sulzle, M. Verhoeven, J. K. Terlouw, H. Schwarz (1988). â€Å"Generation and Characterization of Sulfurous Acid (H2SO3) and of Its Radical Cation as Stable Species in the Gas Phase†. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 27: 1533–4. 3. Ostro, Bart. 1994. â€Å"Estimating the Health Effects of Air Pollutants: A Method with an Application to Jakarta. † Policy Research Working Paper 1301.

Henry Tam Case

We have to evaluate the performance of a distinctly diverse team aiming to create a business plan for MGI’s â€Å"Music Puzzle† Game to enter the HBS contest. The team comprised of MGI founders, Sasha, Igor and Roman, two HBS students Henry and Dana and subject matter experts Alex and Dav. In addition, we have to recommend actions for Henry Tam, which would foster better team dynamics to accomplish the task at hand. The team, after much deliberation and little success, has just 3 weeks before entering the case at the HBS Business Plan competition. In the team there is, Sasha, a former HBS MBA student with experience in drastically different industries; Igor and Roman, exceptionally gifted Russian musicians; Henry & Dana who are finance professionals in the second year of their HBS MBA; Alex, who is a specialist in computer music applications from Berkley; and Dave, a software developer from MIT. Root Cause Analysis The major strengths of the team were a presence of diverse talents, close affinity between the founders, great product, shared passion and complementary skills. However, there is much conflict and failure to deliver results, due to a variety of factors. These factors include a lack of cohesion as a team, an ambiguity of roles definitions, a lack of clear leadership, and a weak working culture. The team has a common goal to develop the business plan, but the focus is different, with the HBS students focused on the contest deadlines, and the MGI founders striving to create a viable business. The team is unable to come to a consensus on which market to penetrate. Additionally, the team is functioning more as a group; as they are unstructured, have an unevenly distributed workload (Katzenbach & Smith, 2005). There is no collective work product, and there is an individual approach to problem solving, as opposed to shared resolutions. Within the group, there are also factions or subgroups. Adding to the frustration was that they were in a small confined workspace on the HBS campus. And finally, the team was completely lacking in interrelationship trust. Drawing from Tuckman's stages of group development: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning (â€Å"Tuckman’s Stages, n. . ), developed in 1965, we can assess the team building processes. The forming stage was spread over three meetings as all the members were not introduced at the very beginning. During the storming stage, team members’ expectations were not aligned. Dana and Henry perceived the role to be more strategic, as opposed to Sasha’s perception of th em as interns focused on writing the business plan only. The modus operandi suggested by Sasha to contact HBS alumni added to the chaos. Plus the introduction of Dav forced Henry and Dana to speculate on Sasha’s motives. In the norming stage we do not see any cohesion but constant disagreements, all primarily due to not defining the norms at the onset. Issues in the norming stage lead to unclear orientation in the performing stage, not adhering to the timelines. Benchmarking the meetings against Belbin’s Team Roles (Belbin, 2010), we see how the seven team members fluctuate between different roles during the three meetings. In the first meeting, Igor, Sasha, Henry and Dana met with different perceptions and reservations and a complete lack of clear strategy. At this point it is very unclear as to who is in each role: Plant, Resource investigator, Coordinator, Shaper, Monitor Evaluator, Team worker, Implementer, Completer Finisher, or Specialist. Roman and Alex join the second meeting, and amidst a lot of brainstorming and ‘creative’ discussion we can see the team members conforming to Belbin’s Team roles. There is a notable understanding between Henry and Dana to try and handle Sasha’s aggression and confrontational style. The third meeting witnesses the entry of Dan the specialist, which adds fuel to the fire and worsens the stance between Sasha and Dana. We can now see that the team members conform slightly more to the Belbin’s model. The team lacked a compelling direction and clear leadership as well (Coutu & Hackman, 2009). Leadership was shared based on who felt like taking on the role at the time. Without formal leadership, there was a breakdown in communication and an absence of the setting of deadlines or the implementation of an overall plan or vision. In fact, an overall direction did not exist, as the MGI founders had different motivating factors than the students, and different perspectives regarding the abilities and roles of each other. Tasks were not broken down into specific subtasks, or assigned to individual team members. Also, without leadership, there is no establishment or communication of the norms and values of the team, and no role modeling or coaching. The culture of team is weak, as there are no established norms and values or ground rules. As such, there was a discrepancy in the development of the team during the norming stage, as discussed previously. The team also engaged in a cultural clash in terms of industry areas, country/ethnic differences, and subcultures. The MGI founders related to a creative and artistic industry, while the students were business focused. The cultural differences manifested themselves in terms of language and expectations. And finally, within the subgroups were individual subcultures, which lead to a difference in values, roles, purposes, and goals especially when disagreements between these subcultures occurred (Hofstede, 1998). Multicultural teams can be more difficult to manage, and can lead to conflicts in communication styles, decision-making approaches, and attitudes towards hierarchy (Brett, Behfar & Kristin, 2006). As the overall working culture is weak, these clashes can be tumultuous as there is not guiding set of norms and values to reference. Alternatives Henry could try the mediation path first, by mitigating difference between Sasha and Dana using preventive strategies to manage conflict. This strategy will involve everyone to provide input and address issues jointly. The feasibility, however, is in question due to lack of time, the uncertainty of the effectiveness of the mediator and identification of common ground. Secondly, Henry could identify a leader from within the team. It could be Alex, as his background in business and music is a good match. Similarly, Henry could step up as he has a neutral stance and no open conflicts with any member of the team. A clear advantage is that there would be no time wasted in learning about the team members, the task at hand and the issues. Henry might be a better option as leader though based on his Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Putting ourselves in the shoes of Henry Tam, and taking the test, we concluded that he has a type of ISTJ (â€Å"MBTI Questionnaire†, n. ), which indicates that he has a clear moral code, operates at high efficiency, is dependable, and able to enforce standards. However, as both Alex and Henry have a history with the team, they might not be able to clearly assert their leadership capability in the short timespan available. As such, a third party leader could be found and appointed to address issues and provide expertise, based on knowledge of the market. This would introduce a neutral person and satisfy the desire of some team members who seek external intervention. The flip side is that there would not be enough time to bring someone on board, there may not be availability in the budget to accommodate the associated costs, and the fit of the new entrant to the team might not be fluid. A third option could be to drop out of the contest, but continue working on the business plan. This will ease the pressure of the deadline and help to alleviate some of the stress and tension. Henry and Dana should continue on the project as they are intrinsically motivated and deeply involved in the project. This clearly gives a breathing space and might promote common focus. The downside is that the motivation levels might drop along with the reputation and the team will miss out on the chance to get the business plan evaluated by some of the best experts in the field. Recommendation The most viable solution for the team is for Henry to fulfill the role of formal leader, as he is intrinsically motivated and heavily involved in the project. He, of all the team members, has engaged in the least conflict, is overall neutral, and thus is in the best position to assert influence and guidelines upon the team. Henry could provide some role definition, according to Belbin’s model, for specific members of the team and help team members in aiding in the cultural differences by adapting to them and working around them (Brett, Behfar & Kristin, 2006). This is a better option than obtaining a third-party leader, as the resource costs, time and budget specifically, would be lower. Additionally, in order to build credibility as a leader, Henry should investigate the costs of obtaining a consultant with specialized knowledge of the market. This will serve to satisfy team members who are requesting outside perspective and additional insight.

FILM Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FILM - Movie Review Example They derived pleasure in living amongst themselves without interacting with outsiders. Children who were curious and asked endless questions about life beyond theirs, their parent made them belief that no life existed beyond margins of the community. No one ever left the Dinka society out of curiosity to verify the truth (Deng 75). Dinka children went through informal system of education. It was the responsibility of their parents to instill communal values in them. Parents taught the children to be strong, independent members of the community. At a tender age of six to five years, they had to learn cattle grazing and other related activities like milking. Livestock herding was the main source of livelihood. In addition, the community instilled in the children moral values through singing games. Strength, courage and prowess in fighting were valuable assets. These qualities made someone a warrior. After that, they married and later become village elder. Their lives revolved around this same circle. This is the traditional system of education. Although formal education existed around them through the missionaries, they did not regard western education as useful and applicable in their lives. In fact, it is only weak children who did not take care of the cattle that got admitted to formal schools, because they w ere not resourceful to the community. Apart from the weaklings, paramount chiefs and Christianized families admitted their children to schools too. However, everything came to an abrupt halt after war broke up in1987. Most of the Dinka children became homeless after forceful and tragic separation from their families. Young boys trekked for days to refugee camps in Ethiopia (Bixler 36). At the refugee camps, the young boys were subject to hard labor like cutting wood to build their shelter. In addition, they had no cattle to look after. Education became a privilege at the camps. The other boys envied the few

Faith and Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Faith and Philosophy - Essay Example Likewise with Hegel, the notion of 'death' or 'is not' is always associated with its opposite, namely, 'being' or what is. To maintain that 'god is not' as Nietzsche argues, supposes too that she also is. Where some individuals are willing to risk their lives – to be 'what is not'', they must have faith in the reasonableness of this assumption. This parallel between Kierkegaard and Hegel will be kept in mind in the following analysis. What will be outlined first, is his notion of the truth of subjectivity in Kierkegaard. This is an important consideration for what will follow, given that it is an argument which best describes what existence ‘does not mean’, so to speak. It will be argued that his notion of subjectivity is born out of a sense of alienation from ‘traditional’ Christianity, and from Platonism, and that ‘faith’ itself is coextensive with ‘subjectivity’. Following this analysis of the truth of subjectivity, and wh at he means by subjectivity and the ‘form’ of isolation associated with the ‘knight of faith’. ... subject’, and it constitutes a theory concerning the meaning of existence – that is, what it means to exist, and moreover, it represents the activity of faith itself. In this respect, faith is not so much a concept as it is an activity or form of praxis. It is 'extra' philosophical or beyond philosophy in contrast with faith, as a form of praxis. The nature or essence of existence, is for Kierkegaard, ‘paradoxical’ [Kierkegaard 32]. It is paradoxical, because it can be described in two contradictory modes, namely, the finite and the infinite. And, implied by the notion of the infinite, are a number of similar or identical concepts. For examples, concepts such as the ‘eternal’, or ‘continuity’, ‘identity’ the ‘absolute’, ‘god’, and so forth. This paper will first give an analysis of a fragment in Kierkegaard’s within the context of his work titled Fear and Trembling, a work which recount s the biblical story of Abraham and Isaac taken from the Torah or the Old Testament (Genesis), and in brief, it concerns a father (Abraham) who is called upon by Yahweh or God to make a sacrifice of his only son Isaac, which is in turn, a parable which on the surface, concerns God’s testing Abraham’s convictions, courage, faith, obedience, and sense of obligation toward himself or herself. What transpires in this story, is that God calls upon Abraham to sacrifice his only son, and so he proceeds to carry out the task, only to have God or Jehweh stop him at the last moment and tell him that he has proven his ‘faith’ to him. In turn, God blesses Abraham for his faith. Before remarking on Kierkegaard, a brief remark will be made about the biblical story, and that is that it is quite short, and in the Revised Standard Edition (and not the Hebrew), there

Korean Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Korean Art - Essay Example One of the leaders in the Monochrome Art Movement, Ha Chong-Hyun (1935) used landscaping techniques in his works so to express the way he saw man as not being separable to nature (Art World of Ha Chong-Hyun). Kwon Young woo (1926) on the other hand, used simple composition out of paper by tearing, sticking, perforating, and coloring paper to create abstract modern paintings. His purpose was to break down the gap between Korean painting and the Western painting - This was obviously what the Minjung Art Movement was against (The 11 Great Korean Artists). Minjung artists, on the other hand, used a more revolutionized technique in painting. This is one of the biggest differences between the two movements. They used different vivid colors and facial expressions in their works to show their feelings toward capitalists and imperialists. Their techniques though were adopted from Buddhist paintings and narrative art. In this image ECRITURE NO. 000105, Park Seo-bo used one color pattern only although it dramatically shows the lights and shades, as well as for image 2 - Ecriture 000105 2000. ... Both paintings resemble nature. They show movement and harmony. Although the works of Minjung Art painters were quite different from those of Monochrome Art Movement because of their use of colors, they are similar in the use of patterns. Both painting techniques use patterns in design and color as well. In the next images, you can see vibrant colors in the Minjung Art paintings, but still, they follow a certain pattern as to the color of the clothes used, accessories, and background. The next images represent the Minjung Art Movement: (SoRi-MoRi Philadelphia Korean Cultural Troupe www.sorimori.org/eng/aboutus/mission.php) ("The Kabo Peasants' War" koreaweb.ws/minjungart) Both paintings used different colors and detailed faces. It is also similar in some way to the Monochromatic Art technique because it also follows a certain pattern in direction. Both have symmetry and balance. Works Cited Jung, Jun-mo. The 11 Great Korean Artists. Kim, Yong-na. 20th Century Korean Art. NJ: Laurence King Publishing, 2005 Seo-bo, Park. "Ecriture 000105" Online image. "Ecriture 000105 2000" Online image. Park Ryu Sook Gallery. Path: Galleries; Asian Artists Smith, Edward Lucie. Art World of Ha Chong-Hyun. 2007/08/02Path: Criticism; Art World of Ha Chong-Hyun-Edward Lucie-Smith l Art Critic "SoRi-MoRi Philadelphia Korean Cultural Troupe" Online image. Yon'guso, Kyore Misul. "The Kabo Peasants' War" Online image. Our People's Art

Philosophies of punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophies of punishment - Essay Example Rehabilitation aims to bring the good if not the best in a person encouraging psychologists to study intensively the psychological effects of being good to a person. Incapacitation is simply getting a person out from things, persons or places that would enable him to commit criminal acts while retribution is punishing because one deserves the punishment. Having discussed these, it is the aim of this paper to make its readers have a general grasp of what these rationales could do and their limitations. Having thus understood such, it should be the reader’s responsibility to act accordingly be it in the professional or personal application of this paper. Punishment, though obviously important has taken the attention of many debates on its implementations especially when it came to matters as the life sentence or more importantly, death sentence. Debates have been widely discussed and different angles have been considered on this issue but what complicates it is the fact that the re are varied opinions on punishment and there are a lot of people involved and could be affected in the implementation or non-implementation of punishments. This very nature of the complication led researchers to look for acceptable forms of punishment which in a way would justify the intensity of punishment compensating the crime committed, thus the definition of rationale for the punishments. The general agreements on the justification of punishment are deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation and retribution, looking forward to reducing crime rate with the exception of the latter (Jawkes & Letherby, 2002, p. 3

Two Works Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two Works Response - Assignment Example This discussion talks that  starting with the Campbell Soup cans, Andy started his artwork on these cans by painting them. He borrowed this idea from Muriel Latow, who was an interior designer since this cans were familiar with the people thus he was supposed to paint the objects that people saw every day. He did some artwork on this cans first by created an image which he repeatedly traced   so as to enhance a two-dimensional graphic aesthetic. He further made two types of the Campbell soup cans whereby he employed visual differentiation to show the difference between the two. This was in terms of portraits were of the first type was the â€Å"Monchengladbach type† having an illustrated image. The other type was â€Å"Virus type† which had a log on the envelope of the soup company.  This paper discusses that  Roy’s work as a pop artist with a majority of his initial works varying in style and subject with enhanced display of increased understanding of mo dern painting. His important art came with the drowning girl. The source of the image had been the boyfriend of the woman standing on a boat that was above her. His interests traversed both the subject matter as well as the qualities of images that were abstract. The high impact of the iconic images he created has synonymously involved cropping images in creating new compositions.  Lichtenstein further involved condensing text from the comic book panels portraying language as a vital visual element.

Second Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Second Reconstruction - Essay Example It was in the American South, where majority of the African American population were concentrated, where racial discrimination was widespread and deliberate in terms of education, economic opportunities, and political and legal rights such as voting. One of these actions was the â€Å"Freedom Ride†. Freedom Rides were journeys by Civil Rights activists on interstate Greyhound buses into the segregated Deep South. It was to test a United States Supreme Court decision that ended segregation for passengers engaged in interstate travel. The riders risked their lives to firebombing, attacks by the Ku Klux Klan, beatings, mobbings, and arrest. Those arrested end up in jails, where they were maltreated and subjected to inhumane conditions while in detention. These rides not only managed to gain public sympathy and support but led to the Kennedy administration issuing a new desegregation order. Taking effect on November 1, passengers were permitted to sit anywhere on the bus; segregat ion signs came down in bus terminals; consolidation of drinking fountains, toilets, and waiting rooms; and lunch counters began serving people regardless of skin color. Before the Civil Rights Act, African Americans were treated as property, and an inferior race, throughout the United States. President Kennedy proposed the civil rights legislation which gained support from northern states Congressmen but blocked by Senators of the South. President Johnson signed the Act into law which banned discrimination based on one’s color, sex, religion, race, or national origin in terms employment practices and public accommodations, and abolished state and local laws which required such discrimination. The movement had a permanent impact to society and the country as a whole. Southern whites had different reactions to the movement, retaliation, acceptance, unsure of their feelings and doubting, and confusion. There were even cases when others were forced to fight against the movement o ut of community pressure. In the end, many of them changed their minds. Albeit the different reactions to the movement by the white Southerners, the local community, the local government, in the church, and even in universities, as Jason Sokol stated in his book â€Å"A Documented Account of How White Students Reacted to the Racial Integration of the University of Georgia†: In the 1960s universities across America pulsed with the spirit of protest. While students at Berkeley and Columbia captured headlines in the middle and late 1960s, they were not the first to revolt. Earlier in the decade, whites on southern campuses rebelled against the orders of distant courts as well as against the black students they found suddenly in their midst. Though white Southerners, as described by Sokol, have â€Å"racial attitudes and behavior frequently revealed a confused and conflicted people, at times divided within and against themselves† (Sokol 2006), the movement changed Southern er’s minds from oppressing and degrading African-Americans, and thus, forever changed their lives. The movement has transformed the South and the nation. Although politicians and community leaders tried with all their might to retain status quo and power in the state’s changing political landscapes, increased social and legal acceptance shifted the balance of political power. African-Americans were given more opportunities in politics which led to the election of a black